Air Plants

Air plants are becoming more and more popular in the household. They require no soil and little care, making them a hassle-free plant. However, if you’re going on vacation and need to leave your air plants behind, you may be wondering how long they can go without water?

Most air plants will survive up to 2 weeks without water. Some drought-tolerant species such as T. flexuosa are adapted to drier conditions and can last up to 3 weeks. Species that are naturally from humid environments such as T. elongata will struggle after just one week without water.

Air plants are unique in that they get everything they need from the air rather than soil. Let’s take a closer look at how long air plants can go without water.

How Much Water Do Air Plants need?

Instead of using soil and roots to absorb nutrients and water, air plants make use of their leaves to gather all the water and nutrients they need from the air. 

This is because they are epiphytes, meaning they attach themselves to a plant via their roots and just ‘hang’ out..okay terrible joke but you get the point. They aren’t parasites, they just use plants and sometimes rocks for support while getting nutrients and water from the air.

In their native habitats, air plants may be subjected to dry, arid conditions, or they may be at home in a humid rainforest. This is an important distinction because some air plants require less water than others.

Your average air plant cannot survive on misting alone, even if you mist your air plant every day. It requires a good soaking in room temperature water to absorb the necessary water to thrive.

When misting, you should use enough water so that it is dripping from the leaves of your air plant. For soaking, make sure your air plant can be completely submerged.

According to Iowa State University, air plants use specialized cells called trichomes. These cells, located on the air plant’s leaves, absorb water from the air in the form of dew, humidity, or rain.

Air plants are almost always purchased as live plants from a nursery or garden center, so you don’t need to worry about the different life stages of the plant in terms of watering.

How Do You Water An Air Plant With No Soil?

Now we know that air plants need to be both misted AND soaked to absorb the necessary water. So, um, how exactly do you water a plant that has no soil?

Air plants should be heavily misted once per week and soaked in room temperature water 2 to 3 times per month. Misting should be done so that water is dripping off the air plant.

To mist your plant, you can use a plastic spray bottle or an actual plant mister like Ebristar’s Glass Plant Mister Spray Bottle. This product works great at creating a fine mist instead of a heavier spray like other plastic spray bottles might.

Concentrate the misting on the plant’s leaves. This is the part of the plant that will absorb and use the water. After misting, be sure to gently shake your air plant so that water is not sitting in the leaves near the base of the plant.

Now, what exactly do we mean by soaking air plants in water? 

Surprisingly, it’s exactly what it sounds like! You can follow these steps to properly soak your air plant:

• Step 1: Find a bowl that will fit your entire air plant inside.

• Step 2: Fill the bowl with water, preferably purified water with little to no chlorine or other harsh chemicals.

• Step 3: Allow the water to sit for 24 hours to reach room temperature. Do not use cold water as this can shock the air plant.

• Step 4: Take the air plant and submerge it entirely into the room temperature water.

• Step 5: Leave your air plant submerged for 30 minutes to 1 hour.

• Step 6: Hang your air plant so that it dries completely before placing it back in its container. If you don’t let the air plant dry completely, it can develop root rot or similar afflictions.

Soaking is extremely beneficial for air plants. An article in the Journal Planta found that when T. ionantha, a very drought-tolerant air plant, was soaked in water for 3 hours, it absorbed as much as 40% of its weight in water. 

Once absorbed, the water is slowly distributed throughout the plant to wherever it is needed. Meanwhile, excess water is stored in the trichomes for later use.

After both misting and soaking, shake your air plant to remove excess moisture. Many air plants have a shape that will allow water to sit in the crook of the leaves. This can promote rot and can stress the air plant more than if it were underwatered.

Air Plant Watering Schedule

There are many different kinds of air plants and when you first get into growing these bizarre plants, it can be intimidating to decide which species to get.

We totally get it! 

But rest assured, the vast majority of air plants can be cared for in the same way. Even if you go with a more drought-tolerant air plant, you can still mist it once per week and soak it 2-3 times per month.

Conversely, if you get a drought-sensitive air plant, it will still thrive with the normal watering schedule.

Some of the most popular indoor air plants include:

• Xerographica
• Ionantha (sky plant)
• Brachycaulos
• Aeranthos (Mad pupper)
• Capitata (peach air plant)
• Bulbosa
• Pink Quill
• Cacticola
• Cotton Candy
• Recurvata (small ball moss)

These can all be watered in the same general manner. However, if you notice something doesn’t look right, your plant may be telling you it is water-stressed.

Adding fertilizer to your watering schedule can encourage your air plants to bloom, which is rare if they are grown indoors. It will also encourage new growth and nutrition in your plant.

Cute Farm’s Tillandsia Air Plant Fertilizer comes in a mister bottle for easy application. Their 8 oz. bottle will provide an air plant with enough fertilizer for six months. 

Depending on where you buy your air plant, you may be provided with a fertilizer similar to this product. A mist fertilizer is the best choice for air plants as it will deliver the nutrients to the leaves where they are absorbed the easiest.

To use fertilizer, simply mist it onto your air plants once a week. It’s best to fertilize and water on different days so that the water does not rinse off the fertilizer.

You can read more about the best places to plant your air plant indoors here!

How To Tell If Your Air Plants Are Getting Enough Water

Plants are a little more difficult to communicate with than people or animals. Nonetheless, plants will let you know when they are stressed by exhibiting certain symptoms.

According to Clemson University, signs that your air plant is not getting enough water include:

• Curling leaves
• Rolling leaves
• Dull-colored leaves
• Brown leaf tips
• Stunted growth

If your air plant is exhibiting any of these symptoms, it’s best to give it a good soaking so that it can recover from being drought-stressed.

On the opposite end of the spectrum, you can overwater your air plant. Overwatering is the number one reason that air plants wither and die off, not underwatering.

Signs that your air plant is overwatered include:

• Yellowing leaves
• Dark-colored trunk (base) 
• Leaf drop 
• Leaves that are easily pulled from the middle of the plant
• Squishy base

If you’re debating whether or not to water your air plant, it’s best to give it a few more days before watering. Air plants can tolerate dry conditions far better than wet conditions.

(By the way, I encourage you to check out our article on why you shouldn’t water your plants everyday.)

How Long Can Air Plants Go Without Water?

Your air plant will let you know when it is drought-stressed by showing some of the characteristics discussed above. 

How long can air plants REALLY go without water? If you’re planning a month-long trip, can you expect your air plants to be alive when you get back?

The majority of air plants can safely withstand two weeks without water. After two weeks, your air plants may start to exhibit drought stress. 

Some air plant species will not survive after two weeks, others can squeak by and be revived after 3 weeks, even 4 weeks, without water.

An article in the American Journal of Botany found that after 30 days of drought, the air plant T. brachycaulos was still maintaining normal metabolic processes. T. elongata, on the other hand, stopped after just 7 days of drought.

This just goes to show that there’s no one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to how long air plants can go without water. However, 2 weeks is a good all-around baseline for most air plants.

How To Revive A Dried Out Air Plant

If you forgot to hire a plant sitter for your long getaway and come home to discover your air plants have shriveled up, there might be a way to bring them back.

Air plants that seem dead might be brought back to life with a thorough soaking in room temperature water. According to the University of Illinois, you can soak your air plant for several hours or even leave it soaking overnight.

Once the air plant is done soaking, shake the excess water off or hang the air plant upside down to allow it to dry. Don’t worry, the leaves will retain the water to keep the plant hydrated for a few days.

Repeat this soaking once per week and mist every day until you see improvement. As soon as your air plant shows signs of life, cut back on the soaking to every other week and misting every day. As the plant improves, cut the misting back to once a week. 

Eventually, you can get back to your normal watering schedule. 

This will not work for every shriveled air plant. Some will be too far gone to be brought back. But air plants are incredibly resilient and many species are used to going without rain for months at a time (though they still acquire water from dew or humidity).

How To Prepare Your Air Plants When You Leave For A Trip

Wondering what to do to prepare your air plants for a few days (or a few weeks) without water? We got you covered!

When you can’t find a plant sitter for your trip, you can take a few steps before you leave and a few steps when you get back to make sure your air plants survive without water.

• Give it a good soak before you leave: The day before you leave, soak your air plant in room temperature water for 1-3 hours in the morning. This will help the air plant absorb as much water as it can into the trichomes and store them for the coming drought.

• Lower the temperature of your home: According to New Mexico State University, air plants will use less water when temperatures are lower. This will help extend their drought tolerance while you are gone.

• Move your air plant to a shady location: The less light the air plant is exposed to, the fewer metabolic processes it will perform and the fewer nutrients and water it will need. This doesn’t mean full shade, but moving it further away from the window than normal works just fine

• Use plastic bags: place your air plant in a plastic bag with holes punched in it while you are gone. This serves as a mini greenhouse and will help seal in moisture for your air plant.

• Give it a good soak when you get back: When you get back, soak your air plant again in room temperature water for 1-3 hours. This will help revive the plant and give it plenty of water after a period of drought.

How Long Can Air Plants Survive Without Light?

We mentioned that placing your air plants away from sunlight can prolong their drought tolerance. Just how long can they go without light?

When you want to prolong your air plant’s drought tolerance while you leave on a trip, you can move your air plant to low-light conditions.

Like their water requirements, most air plants can withstand 2 weeks without light. After two weeks, your air plant will likely become stressed and may even perish.

Air plants are tough and can withstand unfavorable conditions for quite some time before they start to complain or show signs of damage. That being said, if you want your air plant to thrive, it’s best to keep it in bright, indirect light.

East- and west-facing windows are a great location for your air plant. According to Cornell University, south-facing windows may get too hot in the summer but can be used in the spring, winter, and fall.

Can Air Plants Survive In A Box?

Maybe you aren’t worried about watering your air plants because you’re leaving on a trip. Maybe you’re moving far away and need to transport your air plants with you.

If this is the case, the easiest way to transport plants is in a box. This keeps them secure so they are not falling over in your vehicle and provides support to keep the plant upright.

2 weeks is the standard for water, light, and survival in a box for air plants. Even if your air plant shows signs of stress from being in a box for a week, it will most likely bounce back after being given adequate light and water once you reach your destination.

Before you move, be sure to check with your destination’s State Plant Regulatory Official to make sure it is okay to move your air plant with you. 

This is just to ensure your plant is not invasive to the area. In most cases, air plants are actually on the decline from overharvesting, but it’s always best to check!

You can use some of the measures listed above before you move to give your air plant the best chance of survival. Soak it before you leave and once you reach your destination and keep the temperature in your vehicle cool.

That’s All For Now!

Air plants are bizarre and interesting plants to have in the home. Their minimal care requirements make them attractive to many busy homeowners.

While air plants require less care than most houseplants, you’ll still want to provide them with adequate light, water, and air circulation.

If you’re leaving for a trip or moving your air plants in your vehicle, it will be difficult to meet the requirements of your air plant in terms of watering.

Air plants can go for 2 weeks without water in most cases. Some air plants are more sensitive to drought while others are more tolerant.

It’s a good idea to give your air plant a good soaking before you leave and after you return. This will help restore the air plant’s water stores so they can continue to grow.

When you’re not on vacation or traveling, be sure to give your air plants a weekly misting, a few monthly soakings, and weekly fertilizing to keep them happy and healthy! 

References

Bader, M. Y., Menke, G., & Zotz, G. (2009, May 21). Pronounced drought tolerance characterizes the early life stages of the epiphytic bromeliad Tillandsia flexuosa. Functional Ecology, 23(3), 472-479. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01547.x

Graham, E. A., & Andrade, J. L. (2004, May 01). Drought tolerance associated with vertical stratification of two co-occurring epiphytic bromeliads in a tropical dry forest. American Journal of Botany, 91(5), 699-706.

Montes-Recinas, S., Márquez-Guzmán, J. & Orozco-Segovia, A. Temperature and water requirements for germination and effects of discontinuous hydration on germinated seed survival in Tillandsia recurvata L.. Plant Ecol 213, 1069–1079 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-012-0066-9

Ohrui, T., Nobira, H., Sakata, Y. et al. Foliar trichome- and aquaporin-aided water uptake in a drought-resistant epiphyte Tillandsia ionantha Planchon. Planta 227, 47–56 (2007).

Air plants are definitely gaining popularity, especially among those born without a green thumb! These interesting plants do not need a pot or soil to grow, getting all their nutrients from the air. So, where exactly do you plant an air plant that doesn’t need soil?

Indoors, air plants love to be planted near a south, west, or east facing window in terrariums, or simply set it on a surface. Outdoors, air plants love to be planted in bright areas that don’t get direct sun, such as on a covered patio, in the crooks of tree branches, or beneath a tree.

You can really get creative when it comes to planting air plants. Below, we’ll go over all the details about where to plant them and how to take care of them!

What Are Air Plants?

Before we get into where to plant air plants, you may be wondering what these alien plants are? After all, what kind of plant doesn’t need soil!

Air plants are grouped under the genus Tillandsia and are found naturally in North and South America. These plants have become very popular in the home due to their exotic appearance and their minimal care needs.

According to the University of New Hampshire, air plants fall into two broad categories:

• Desert region air plants
• Rainforest region air plants

Air plants that are from desert regions will typically have light- to silver-green fuzzy leaves that can sometimes be scaly. Those from rainforest regions will be darker green and have curved leaves instead of the flat, fuzzy leaves of desert air plants.

When it comes to choosing an air plant for your home, most people will go for the air plants from desert regions. These will be far more forgiving if you forget to water them for a few days.

In the wild, air plants will use their roots to latch onto surfaces such as rocks, telephone poles, other plants, and trees. Unlike parasitic plants, air plants will not harm their host. They just use them as an anchor to stay in place.

Plants that use hosts in this manner are known as epiphytes. One of the most well-known epiphytes out there is Spanish moss, which often dangles from live oaks and bald cypress trees.

Although epiphytes like air plants do not normally harm their host, a few studies took a closer look and found that epiphytes can harm hosts in terms of leaf production and premature branch decay.

Overall, air plants do minimal, if any, damage to their host trees.

Why Don’t Air Plants Need Soil?

Soil is the typical medium that plants use to absorb nutrients and water, but air plants operate a little differently. Air plants use things called epidermal trichomes to absorb water and nutrients from the atmosphere. 

Trichomes are located on the plant’s leaves and can absorb water in the form of rain, fog, and dew droplets. They absorb nutrients through decaying leaves and other organic matter in the air.

An article in the Journal of Nature Communications looked into the microscopic world of these trichomes and found that they are not only highly efficient at absorbing water, but they’re also great at keeping that water from evaporating too quickly.

This is especially important for air plants that live in desert regions. The air is readily absorbed into the plant, but the process of evaporation is slowed by a thick shield located in the trichome.

6 Places Air Plants Love To Be Planted Indoors

Having plants in your home or apartment is an excellent way to bring some life to the indoors. Air plants are particularly useful in small apartments or spaces where large houseplants just won’t cut it.

Having air plants inside is a necessity in some regions that are just too cold to have them outside. In general, anything below freezing is too cold for an outdoor air plant.

Even though air plants need minimal effort to keep alive compared to other plants, they still require three necessities:

• Sunlight
• Water
• Air circulation

When choosing a place to plant your new air plant, be sure to keep these three things in mind. Sunlight, in particular, will be a deciding factor when choosing a place for your new air plant.

Air plants love sunlight, but they should never be placed in direct sunlight. According to the University of Florida, you should place your air plants near south, west, or east facing windows. Air plants will not do well in rooms without windows.

With all that in mind, let’s check out all the places air plants love to be planted indoors!

Terrariums, Seashells & Driftwood

Terrariums come in many shapes and sizes and are a great way to display your unique air plant. Terrariums are typically glass or plastic and have an opening somewhere to allow air to circulate inside.

The nice thing about terrariums is that they can be displayed in so many different places depending on your decorative preferences. Some can be the centerpiece of your coffee table while others can hang from the ceiling.

Mkono’s Plant Terrarium Display Glass Tabletop Succulent Air Plant Planter Globe is a popular terrarium that is meant to sit as a centerpiece on a table or displayed on a shelf. All you need to do is fill it with some kind of material inside (small pebbles work great!) and set your air plant inside.

If you’re looking for a more unique design that can be hung up, Mkono also sells a 2 Pack Glass Hanging Planter. It comes in two shapes – a globe and a teardrop.

For any crafty folks out there, you can make a terrarium yourself from old glass containers. All you need is something to put inside such as pebbles, a small log, some cool rocks…get as creative as you like! Place your air plant inside and you’re done!

Air plants need air circulation to thrive, so just be sure to leave an opening somewhere.

Small Containers And Bowls

Not only do air plants require minimal care, but you can also put them in just about anything and they’ll do just fine. Bowls, baskets, dishes, and even seashells can all be excellent containers for an air plant.

If you have an ocean vibe going on in your home, using a conch shell as a container for your air plant is a great choice.

Nautical Beach Decor sells a Large Bahama Queen Conch Seashell that is sold in the USA with a ‘harvest hole,’ meaning the conch was removed legally only after the shell was inspected to make sure it was mature enough to harvest.

Driftwood is another great ocean-themed decoration you can use as an air plant container. If you’re not into an ocean-themed container, there are plenty of other small bowls, cute decorations, and themed containers that you can use to match your unique theme!

If you don’t really have any particular theme in your home or apartment, you can always opt for something neutral like Naturally Med’s Olive Wood Rustic Bowl. This will go well in most settings and can be placed just about anywhere.

As always, be sure to place your container in a brightly-lit room out of direct sunlight. Other than that, the placement of your container is entirely up to you and your creative imagination!

Walls

We weren’t kidding when we said air plants can thrive just about anywhere! If you’re not thrilled about terrariums, containers, or bowls, you can plant your air plants on the wall instead.

Use something like AOAOPQ’s Air Plant Holder Wood Frame to mount a lattice-like frame on the wall. Use wire to attach the air plant to the frame. This is certainly one of the more unique and interesting ways to display these amazing plants!

You can also use hot glue to attach air plants to any surface you like such as a windowsill, wall, shelf, or counter. However, this isn’t recommended as many air plants require thorough misting or even occasional submergences in water that will require you to remove them from their position.

And re-gluing your air plant each time you water it can get old fast…

3 Places Air Plants Love To Be Planted Outdoors

Air plants can thrive indoors and outdoors if the conditions are right. To display your air plants outside, you’ll want to make sure you live in an area suitable for air plants to survive.

Because air plants are typically from tropical and subtropical areas, asking an air plant to survive outside in, say, Alaska might be a little too much…

But if you live in a warmer climate like the southern United States you are probably safe placing an air plant outdoors. Even if you live in an area that has cold winters, you can always transition your air plant indoors once the temperatures begin approaching freezing level.

You can also check the hardiness zone of your air plant if you know the species. This can help you determine if it will survive outdoors.

Similar to indoor air plants, outdoor air plants should be placed somewhere that gets sun but is protected from too much direct sunlight. 

Patios And Decks

There’s nothing better than settling down on your patio after a long day of work, enjoying the sunshine and breeze as it plays across your face.

Air plants love it too! 

Covered patios and porches are the perfect places to display your air plants. Because it is protected from direct sunlight, air plants will thrive being out in the open air on your covered porch, but won’t shrivel up from too much sun.

You can use terrariums to hang your air plants up, or use containers and bowls to display them on a covered table on your porch as well. You can also use a mounted lattice board to display your air plants on the wall of your covered porch. 

On Trees

In the wild, air plants often grow on trees using their little roots to grab hold of branches and trunks where they can.

Air plants don’t do any damage to the tree they are growing on, they just use it as an anchor to stay in place. They also benefit from being shaded by the tree so as not to receive too much direct sunlight.

You can use these same tactics to find a home for your air plant on your outdoor trees. Landscape trees are a great place to display your air plant. It can spruce up your landscape tree and bring some new color into your yard.

Air plants love being attached to tree branches or placed in the crooks of trees where the branches meet the trunk. You can help your air plant stay in place by using wire to keep the air plant attached.

Another option is to hang your air plants from a low tree branch. You can use terrariums or something like Shappy’s 4-piece Hanging Air Plant Holder Tassel. This comes with 4 plant hangers complete with a loop and S-hook for easy hanging.

If you decide to go this route, just remember that you still may need to water your air plant from time to time, especially if it is a rainforest air plant that is used to humid, wet conditions.

Terrariums can also be used to hang your air plant from a low-hanging tree branch. Just make sure the terrarium is out of the direct sun as much as possible.

Covered Landscaping Like Flowerbeds With Shade

You may have noticed a theme going on here…air plants do not do well in direct sunlight. For this reason, planting them out in an open landscape or flowerbed is not a good idea.

However, if you have a flowerbed or landscape with taller plants and shrubs, air plants can thrive under light shade conditions. 

You can get creative with where you place your air plants within a flowerbed or landscape. Use interesting containers, terrariums, or even driftwood to give your flowerbed an exotic and unique look.

Caring For Your Air Plant

With any house plant, certain requirements must be met for the plant to survive and thrive. Air plants are no different. 

To keep your air plant happy, you’ll want to pay close attention to:

• Sunlight: As we mentioned before, air plants do not like direct sunlight. But depending where the air plant is native to will affect how much sunlight it needs. Desert air plants typically prefer more sun than air plants from rainforest regions.

• Temperature: Air plants are used to tropical and subtropical climates. According to the University of New Hampshire, they prefer temperatures between 65℉ and 85℉.

• Water: Just like sunlight requirements, water requirements will differ between desert air plants and rainforest air plants. Overwatering can be just as damaging as underwatering since air plants are susceptible to rot if they are overwatered. 

For desert air plants, misting them every other day with a spray bottle may be sufficient to keep the plant happy and healthy. If you start to notice brown leaf tips or curling leaves, it means your air plant is not getting enough water.

For rainforest air plants, you can soak them in room-temperature water for fifteen minutes twice a week to get them the proper amount of water that they need. Allow the plants to dry before placing them back in their container.

• Fertilizer: Because domesticated air plants do not have access to rotting leaves or other organic material, you should provide fertilizer to ensure they are getting the necessary nutrients. 

Cute Farm’s Tillandsia Air Plant Fertilizer is an excellent product that can be sprayed directly on your air plant once per week. This product has the bonus of coming with an air plant care guide too!

That’s A Wrap!

Air plants are fun to have around the house or apartment. They’re exotic, strange-looking, and fairly easy to take care of.

Air plants can be planted indoors or outdoors depending on if the conditions are favorable. In both indoor and outdoor settings you’ll want to find a place that has plenty of light, but not too much direct sunlight.

To recap, here are the 9 places that air plants love to be planted:

• Indoors:
  • Terrarium
  • Seashell
  • Driftwood
  • Small bowl or container
  • Hung on the wall
• Outdoors:
  • Covered patio or deck
  • Attached to tree
  • Hanging from a tree branch
  • In protected landscape

That’s all we’ve got for you today! Happy air planting!

References

Flores-Palacios, A. (2015, October 12). Does structural parasitism by epiphytes exist? A case study between Tillandsia recurvata and Parkinsonia praecox. Plant Biology, 18(3), 463-470.

Papini, A., Tani, G., Di Falcon, P., & Brighigna, L. (2010). The ultrastructure of the development of Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) trichome. Flora – Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 205(2), 94-100.

Raux, P. S., Gravelle, S., & Dumais, J. (2020, January 20). Design of a unidirectional water valve in Tillandsia. Nature Communications, 11(396).

Soria, N. F., Torres, C., & Galetto, L. (2014, October). Experimental evidence of an increased leaf production in Prosopis after removal of epiphytes (Tillandsia). Flora – Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 209(10), 580-586.

Valencia-Diaz, S., Flores-Palacios, A., Rodriguez-Lopez, V., Ventura-Zapata, E., & Jimenez-Aparicio, A. R. (2010). Effect of host-bark extracts on seed germination in Tillandsia recurvata, an epiphytic bromeliad. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26(6), 571-581.